D&D Monsters: Nagas

Nagas originate in Hindu mythology, in which they are magical beings that can take on various snake-like forms. Some appear as literal snakes and, indeed, the scientific name of the main cobra genus is Naja, based on the Sanskrit word for 'cobra'. Similarly, it's no coincidence that the feminine form of this word is "nagini" - although the exact English spelling can vary.

Often capable of shape-shifting, mythic nagas can take on fully human or partially humanoid form, with the latter more usually resembling the yuan-ti and mariliths of D&D than the shape seen in the game (although this is not unknown). Nagas are generally said to be righteous, if not exactly benevolent, and are often set to guard the treasures of the gods, hence at least the 'guardian nagas' of D&D.

D&D Monsters: Sphinxes

The sphinx is a creature of Greek myth, taking the form of a winged lion with a human face. In the original myths, she is, like the minotaur and many others, a unique creature, and appears most famously in the story of Oedipus. 

Confusingly, however, the term was retrospectively employed (possibly by the Greeks themselves) to also refer to the wingless lion-bodied statues of Ancient Egypt. These aren't the same thing as the Greek monster, and it isn't known what the Egyptians actually called them. They were usually, but not always, male and, judging from the statuary, were probably perceived as good and noble beings, unlike the much more hostile Greek creation. 

It seems to be the case that, in D&D, the male or "androsphinx" was based largely on the Egyptian creature (albeit with the addition of wings), while the female or "gynosphinx" has closer links with the Greek version.

DW Monsters: Sontarans

I'm going to kick off this series with the Sontarans. That's partly because they've just been heavily featured in a new episode as I write this, but also because they are one of the races with the greatest potential for stories. They could even be adapted for other SF settings with a few serial numbers filed off. For that matter, they would make decent player characters, but I'm describing them here only as opponents since player rules would involve game balance considerations beyond the scope of these posts.

To begin with, let’s list the available source material, then look at what we know about this particular race.

Doctor Who Monster and Alien Stats (Intro)

Following on from my previous series of classic Doctor Who companions considered as if they were characters in a roleplaying game, I'll be starting another occasional series here looking at some of the "monsters" from the series. The aim here will be to consider how they would be described in game terms, rather than to expand on what we know, or provide other intangible details. There are plenty of online guides already giving that sort of information, with the TARDIS Data Core being perhaps the most thorough. 

Unlike I did with the companions, I'll conclude by providing some suggested game stats. These will not be for the DWAITAS system, since those stats already exist; this is more an exercise in seeing how other systems might cope with particular concepts. But, rather than sticking to one single system, I'll be trying out five different ones, to see what we get. 

D&D Monsters: Lamias

The lamia is another creature originating in Greek myth. However, the route from the myth to the RPG monster is rather more circuitous than is the case for, say, centaurs. In the original myth, Lamia is an otherwise normal woman cursed by the gods into becoming a child-eating cannibal and hence, a sort of bogeyman figure. By Roman times this has shifted to the point that lamias are a race, and the stories around them more closely resemble those of the succubus than of ogres.

At some point between then and medieval times, lamias change again, keeping their powers of sinful seduction, but now becoming part-serpent - physically resembling the yuan-ti of D&D. In fact, outside of gaming, this may remain the most common depiction. In the 17th century, however, an alternative description made them quadrupedal, a scaly hooved creature with a woman's head and breasts. This, combined with a desexualised version of the seduction powers, seems to be the likely inspiration for the game version.

D&D Monsters: Dragon Turtles

Dragon turtles have their origin in Chinese mythology, combining the power of two of the four "auspicious beasts" to bring together their positive aspects. As such, while they don't make direct appearances in mythic tales, they are apparently common in artwork and statuary due to their supposed positive effect on feng shui. Having said which, the version that appears in D&D, while doubtless inspired by the mythic creature, also has features in common with the European conception of dragons and certainly doesn't seem much like a feng shui ornament.

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1E

The 1E version of the dragon turtle, so far as we can tell, has much in common with traditional depictions of the creature. It has a turtle-like shell and a long, thick neck that probably doesn't retract inside (as, indeed, is the case for some real-world turtles). The head is clearly draconic, with a snout and fangs rather than the toothless beak of turtles, and a pair of feelers or decorative tufts on the forehead. Significantly, it also has the prominent dorsal crest seen on many D&D dragons. We can't see the limbs in the illustration, but we're told that they have claws - something true of most real-world turtles although, as it happens, not of the deep sea sort, which have flippers.

D&D Monsters: Metallic Dragons

In European myth, dragons are almost universally regarded as evil - rapacious monsters that lay waste to the countryside, have to be slain by heroic knights and, in many cases, essentially breathe hellfire. They are, sometimes literally, diabolic creatures. The same is not necessarily true in other cultures, such as that of China, where dragons may not necessarily be easy to parlay with or recruit as allies, but aren't fundamentally hostile, either.

In D&D, the good counterparts to the evil chromatic dragons are, of course, the metallic ones. Indeed, they are among a relatively small number of 'good monsters' to make it consistently through into the core books of later editions. Up until 5E, they are portrayed as rarer, but individually more powerful than, the chromatic dragons. They are perhaps even rarer in games than they are usually described as being in the universe (in two campaigns of Critical Role, the PCs have so far encountered at least seven chromatic dragons, and only one metallic). Doubtless, this is because they are less useful in a typical game if you're not going to fight them - and they're too powerful to be regular allies.

D&D Monsters: Blue Dragons

A considerable number of mythological deities are said to throw thunderbolts - Zeus and Thor are merely the most familiar of these to Europeans, with examples known from many other cultures. Actual mythic creatures that throw lightning, however, are much less common, although Chinese dragons are at least associated with thunder and storms. In D&D, however, it seems an obvious attack mode once we've dealt with fire and ice, and, naturally enough, it's associated with the dragon that's the colour of the sky.

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1E

The original picture of the blue dragon shows an animal with a moderately long and heavy snout, large eyes, and elongated canine teeth. More distinctive features include the fact that the dorsal frill of the green and black dragons is here replaced with a series of large triangular plates, which may be projections from the vertebrae, but could be separate structures similar to those on a Stegosaurus. The latter possibility is supported by the existence of three similar plates on the forehead. In front of these, there is a row of four  bony spikes, one of which is enlarged to form a narrow nasal horn. As usual, this doesn't look like it would be of much use in combat, at least compared to the teeth and claws, so it might be a display structure.

D&D Monsters: White Dragons

While witches, evil sorcerers, and the like, may create freezing cold storms, beings that attack by virtue of simply being very cold are not common in myth, or indeed, in early fantasy literature. Tolkien mentions "cold drakes", but these are simply dragons that don't breathe fire, rather than being any supernaturally low temperature. Nonetheless, when Gygax was looking around for different attacks for the five basic chromatic dragons, intense cold seems (at least in retrospect) an obvious fit. Perhaps as a counterpoint to the fiery dragons being the most powerful these, the white dragons, became the weakest.

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1E

White dragons are not only the weakest of the chromatic dragons but the weakest of dragons overall. A step down from the black dragons, while they do have much thicker hides and stronger jaws, 1E white dragons have about the same ability to sustain physical injury as a tiger. In fact, their claws do less damage than a tiger's do, so it's possible that their legs are actually less muscular (or the claws are blunter, or smaller, which seems unlikely).

D&D Monsters: Red Dragons

Many medieval descriptions of dragons make no mention of them breathing fire, and this does not seem to be part of the original myths of the creatures. Nonetheless, the idea that dragons breathe flame does seem to have originated in medieval Europe, and is now de rigueur in fantasy depictions. It probably arose because of the association of evil dragons with hellfire, and the general idea of fire-breathing creatures certainly predates it (Leviathan breathes fire in The Book of Job, for example). 

In D&D, of course, it was originally decided that the five types of chromatic dragon should be distinguished by each having a unique attack, so that green dragons breathe poison, black dragons acid, and so on. Naturally, the most powerful of all the chromatic dragons was going to be the one that breathed fire, fitting the legends on which the broader idea is based.

D&D Monsters: Green Dragons

Medieval descriptions of dragons imply that they look rather like snakes, but they were said not to be venomous and, since they weren't always fire-breathing either, were often just very very strong. Some medieval bestiaries, for instance, describe dragons killing elephants by wrapping them up in their tail and squeezing like a constrictor. The poisonous counterpart of the dragon in medieval lore is the basilisk - which is basically just an incredibly deadly snake, much like the version in The Philosopher's Stone.

In D&D, the basilisk is quite a different creature, and very far from being legless. While the association of poison with serpentine beings make sense, it's not common in depictions of dragons. The D&D idea of certain dragons belching poisonous gas instead of something flammable is likely an original one - something added so that each of the five chromatic dragons had a unique attack mode. And in this case, of course, that's the green dragon, the mid-point in the five-point scale of increasing chromatic dragon power.

D&D Monsters: Black Dragons

It's hard to argue with the notion that the single most iconic monster in fantasy fiction is the dragon. Dragons exist in some of the oldest myths known and are found across many different cultures. Having said which, this only holds true for a sufficiently broad definition of the word, since there isn't really much in common between, say, European and Chinese dragons beyond the fact that they both have snake-like bodies with legs. Even that is less true today; most modern depictions of western dragons aren't as serpentine as those drawn in the Middle Ages usually were.

Given that they're right there in the name of the game, dragons are obviously fairly key to D&D. In the 1st edition, they receive more detailed options than other monsters, having eight age categories and three size classes, and a suite of special abilities right from the beginning. Furthermore, there are no less than ten different kinds of true dragon, divided evenly between the good 'metallic' and the evil 'chromatic' species.

D&D Monsters: Wyverns

Actual medieval descriptions of dragons were vague as to whether they had four legs, plus wings, or just two, and illustrations of the time were similarly variable. It only seems to be around the 16th century that the word 'wyvern' (which had previously meant 'viper') was used to specifically mean a two-legged dragon, and possibly only so that heralds knew how many legs they were supposed to be drawing on coats-of-arms that previously only mentioned a 'dragon'. There was no indication at the time that there was any other difference between wyverns and what we'd now think of as true dragons.

When Gygax adopted the term for D&D, he made wyverns somewhat weaker than true dragons, and unable to breathe fire. Traditional illustrations often show two-legged dragons with snake-like tails ending in a sharp point, and this became the poison stinger seen in D&D. Perhaps following on from this, there has been a tendency in fantasy fiction to make wyverns weaker than four-legged dragons, although that's perhaps turning round again more recently - in both the books and TV series, for instance, the fire-breathing and deadly dragons of Game of Thrones only have two legs.

D&D Monsters: Carrion Crawlers and Purple Worms

The majority of giant invertebrate monsters in the early editions of D&D are, at least in general terms, arthropods - the group of jointed-limbed creatures with chitinous exoskeletons to which insects, spiders, and crabs belong, among others. Exceptions include giant octopuses and giant squid, which are at least partially based on real animals, a few aberrations that are difficult to ally with anything real, and, somewhere in between, the purple worm. As originally drawn, the carrion crawler also qualifies, although this changes in later editions.

The worm-like body plan is a common one among real-world invertebrates, being found in a wide range of creatures that aren't all that closely related. But, on the whole, they aren't very fearsome, and the different types don't have the recognisability factor that spiders, scorpions, praying mantises, or whatever, might have. Even in D&D, the primary threat from the purple worm comes from the fact that it's just really big. The carrion crawler is a different matter, but, then it is rather less wormlike. Both creatures have 'Ronseal' style names, although, at least to my mind, 'carrion crawler' is, like 'mind flayer', one of the more evocative ones.

D&D Monsters: Rust Monsters

The rust monster is, like the bulette, a creature inspired by a cheap plastic toy bought in Hong Kong. The original toy apparently looked like a lobster with a propeller for a tail, perhaps to represent some weird aquatic kaiju. Gygax later admitted that he'd initially been stumped as to what special attack to give such a ridiculous-looking creature, but, of course, he eventually came up with something that made it a particularly memorable and unique monster. One that is essentially a walking hazard, an annoyance that's completely harmless by the usual standards of the game but nonetheless very much to be feared. 

Albeit, like displacer beasts and piercers, one whose name is just a rather bland description of what it does. 

D&D Monsters: Remorhaz(es)

The remorhaz is another creature original to D&D, and one of the few such that is honoured with a proper name rather than a descriptive term. It's one of the more powerful creatures in the 1st edition that are described as simply animals, rather than intelligent beings. This is largely because it's so difficult to hurt, although it also has a bite that does more damage than that of most dragons. In later editions, it's toned down, although it remains quite fearsome.

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1E

As originally depicted in the 1E Monster Manual, the remorhaz has a snake-like body, with a thick leathery hide that's harder to penetrate than plate steel. The upper surface of the body is covered with an irregular array of white protuberances, which apparently shed excess heat from the intestines. The lower surface has a series of wide flat scales, which also resemble those seen on many snakes, reinforcing the resemblance. The key difference, of course, is that the remorhaz also has a huge number of legs. These are multi-jointed and covered with an exoskeleton; the segments within the leg are all of similar size, suggesting the relatively simple structure of a centipede's legs rather than those of a spider or insect. 

D&D Monsters: Cloud and Storm Giants

Cloud and storm giants are the most powerful of the standard races of giant in the D&D rules, the two final rungs on the ladder of increasing humanoid power. There doesn't seem to be any specific inspiration for them, although giants are sometimes associated with the sky in myths and legends. They are also the most intelligent, and the most inclined to be helpful, rather than hostile.

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1E

Cloud giants are 18 feet (5.5 metres) tall, with bluish skin, and, unlike other giants, have what appear to be blunt, but greatly enlarged, canine teeth in the upper jaw. They aren't shown or described as wearing armour, so their skin must be equivalent to plate steel to explain their stated armour value. Most are of regular human intelligence (which is still smarter than most of the smaller giants), but a few are slightly better, and have limited skills with magic. They are said to have a particularly keen sense of smell, which is likely a nod to the cloud-dwelling giant in Jack and the Beanstalk, although they are otherwise quite different. They are also the first giants tall enough to have a stride that enables them to walk faster than humans, although still less than one might expect, given that they're about six times taller than we are.

D&D Monsters: Ettins

The word "giant" entered the English language in the Middle Ages, coming from the Latin and Greek gigas via Norman French. Prior to this time, the English word for what we would now call a giant was "ettin", which is related to the Norse jotunn. This older word fell out of favour, although it was used by both Lewis and Tolkien as the names for giant or troll inhabited regions in their fictional worlds: Ettinsmoor, north of Narnia, and the Ettenmoors, northeast of the Shire. (For that matter, Tolkein also used the alternative form of the word, "ent", as the name for a rather different race of gigantic beings).

In any event, "ettin" is simply another, and older, word for "giant". In D&D, however, it specifically refers to a kind of two-headed giant; this is original to the game, but has been adopted by some other writers and computer game designers since.

D&D Monsters: Frost and Fire Giants

Both frost and fire giants, as portrayed in D&D, are loosely based on the jötunn of Norse myth. In the original myths, this was a rather vague term referring to a race of mostly (but not always) gigantic beings originally created by the primordial being Ymir. Ymir himself was certainly gigantic, since the sky is said to be the inside of his blue-coloured skull, and he was also described in the Prose Edda as "ice cold". Thus, while frost giants aren't a specific thing in Norse myth, it's clear where the idea comes from. Fire giants, apparently also descended from Ymir in the original myth, are the inhabitants of the fiery realm of Muspelheim, led by Surtur, whose primary function in the myths is to destroy the world at the conclusion of Ragnarok.

Both frost and fire giants appear in a range of fictional sources, of which perhaps the most obvious are the Mighty Thor comics. These predate D&D by over ten years, although it's likely that their appearance in the game is an independent creation from the same mythic origin, since they're quite clearly different from the comicbook versions. In D&D, they are the third and fourth rungs on the six-step ladder of increasing giant power and strength and are portrayed as more technologically advanced than the smaller hill and stone giants.