D&D Monsters: Erinyes

The Erinyes originate in Greek myth, where they are goddesses of vengeance cursing kinslayers, oathbreakers, and the like; they are probably better known under their Roman name of "Furies". These original versions appeared as ugly women, typically with snakes entwined in their hair and wrapped around their bodies and limbs. Sometimes they had wings, sometimes not, and later depictions of them are similarly varied.

Some versions of the myths state that there are only three Erinyes, but others are much vaguer about the numbers. Notably, the three named Erinyes stand guard over the City of Dis surrounding the Sixth Circle of Hell in Dante's Inferno. It may be this that inspired their adoption as a type of "devil" in D&D, although they (and Dis) are moved to the Second Circle in the 1E Monster Manual, befitting their status as the weakest of the true devils in that edition. Something of a demotion from their mythic origins, then.

DW Monsters: Ice Warriors

Third on my list of regularly appearing humanoid races are the Ice Warriors, another reptilian race, but notably different from the Silurians.

Appearances

The Ice Warriors date all the way back to the Second Doctor’s run, a longer TV history than most of the other races I’ll be dealing with in this first batch. They make their debut in the titular story back in 1967, reappearing in The Seeds of Death in the following season. In the classic series, they reappear twice more, in the two Peladon stories during the Third Doctor’s era. Unusually, having been presented as villains in their earlier appearances, in The Curse of Peladon at least, they are shown to be a more complex race that isn’t necessarily evil, and that actively help the Doctor out. Intended returns during the Sixth and Seventh Doctors’ eras were both cancelled along with their respective seasons, so it was nearly four decades before they re-appeared in the Eleventh Doctor story Cold War, and then once more in Twelve’s run. These are perhaps midway between the Second Doctor stories and The Curse of Peladon in terms of their treatment of the race, playing up the ambiguity.

D&D Monsters: Demons

Given that "demon" is such a broad term in real-world mythology and religion, there are inevitably many different interpretations and forms of the beings. They were included in D&D right from 0E, where they are listed simply by a numbered type, increasing in power from one to six. Alternative names are provided in 1E, which become the standard names from 2E onwards. Notably, 2E also tried to pretend that they weren't really "demons", lest that offend anyone religious, and described them instead using the invented word tanar'ri. 3E switched back to "demon" again, explaining that the "tanar'ri" were merely a common subtype; the latter term has largely been deprecated since. 5E restored the numbered type sequence, but only as rarely-used categories of increasing power so that, for example, chasme mosquito-demons are now another example of Type 2 demons, alongside the original hezrou.

D&D Monsters: Vrocks

The word "demon" comes from Ancient Greek where it was used to describe semi-divine beings and generally lacked the negative connotations of the modern word. Early Christians later co-opted it as a term for "servitors of foreign/hostile deities", from which it rapidly morphed into something more explicitly evil. In that sense, it's a common concept in many real-world religions, a generic term not linked to any one in particular and that therefore fits with the typically polytheistic worldview of D&D.

The vrock specifically has no direct antecedents in mythology or in Christian demonology. It may be partly inspired by the demonic Tash from C.S. Lewis's Narnia books, but the resemblance isn't that strong and could be coincidental. Vultures appear in the myths of both African and American cultures since similar birds live on both continents. (In reality, the "vultures" on either side of the Atlantic are not closely related, despite their physical similarity, but this may not be relevant in a fantasy world).

DW Monsters: Silurians

Following on from the Sontarans, I’m going to look at six other humanoid races that have made regular or semi-regular appearances on the show. I’ll start with the Silurians.

Appearances

The Silurians make their debut in the somewhat oddly titled Third Doctor story Doctor Who and the Silurians. This establishes many of the basics of the race, including the ambiguity about whether they count as ‘evil monsters’ or not. In the later Third Doctor story The Sea Devils, it becomes clear that there are multiple forms of their race, although the Sea Devils themselves are sufficiently different from the baseline Silurians that I’m going to leave them for a later post. The Silurians make a final classic series appearance during the Fifth Doctor’s run in Warriors of the Deep, teaming up with the Sea Devils. In the modern show, they’ve only really appeared as villains once, in the Eleventh Doctor story The Hungry Earth, which partly mirrors the plot of their original story. They have also been mentioned and made brief appearances in other stories, even if we ignore Madame Vastra.

D&D Monsters: Nagas

Nagas originate in Hindu mythology, in which they are magical beings that can take on various snake-like forms. Some appear as literal snakes and, indeed, the scientific name of the main cobra genus is Naja, based on the Sanskrit word for 'cobra'. Similarly, it's no coincidence that the feminine form of this word is "nagini" - although the exact English spelling can vary.

Often capable of shape-shifting, mythic nagas can take on fully human or partially humanoid form, with the latter more usually resembling the yuan-ti and mariliths of D&D than the shape seen in the game (although this is not unknown). Nagas are generally said to be righteous, if not exactly benevolent, and are often set to guard the treasures of the gods, hence at least the 'guardian nagas' of D&D.

D&D Monsters: Sphinxes

The sphinx is a creature of Greek myth, taking the form of a winged lion with a human face. In the original myths, she is, like the minotaur and many others, a unique creature, and appears most famously in the story of Oedipus. 

Confusingly, however, the term was retrospectively employed (possibly by the Greeks themselves) to also refer to the wingless lion-bodied statues of Ancient Egypt. These aren't the same thing as the Greek monster, and it isn't known what the Egyptians actually called them. They were usually, but not always, male and, judging from the statuary, were probably perceived as good and noble beings, unlike the much more hostile Greek creation. 

It seems to be the case that, in D&D, the male or "androsphinx" was based largely on the Egyptian creature (albeit with the addition of wings), while the female or "gynosphinx" has closer links with the Greek version.